High School Dropouts At Risk Students - 1419 Words

Introduction High school dropouts are usually defined as students who leave school before obtaining a diploma but in some cases, are also labeled as a drop out if they do not complete the high school curriculum within four years after entering ninth grade (Hampden-Thompson, Kienzl, Daniel, Kinukawa, 2007). Students who are considered to be at risk are more vulnerable to dropping out of school than others. These at risk students usually exhibit behavioral, attitudinal, or academic problems (Lemon and Watson, 2011). However, other factors do contribute to dropping out which include family issues, health issues, mobility, and cultural issues. According to Laqana (2004), high school dropouts present serious implications for society such as reduced earnings, higher unemployment, increased crime rates, increased teen pregnancy, and increased alcohol and drug abuse. Currently, there are approximately 1.3 million annual high school dropouts who might lose $355 billion of income over the ir lifetimes (Bornsheuer, Polonyi, Andrews, Fore, Onwuegbuzie, 2011). It is also noted that the prison population in some states is comprised of fifty to ninety percent of high school dropouts. Whannel Allen (2011), identified a number of aspects of the school experience which are relevant to school attrition. Usually it is a process that begins for many in their early years of school and several factors contribute to the final decision to stop attending classes. These factors can beShow MoreRelatedFactors Contributing to the High School Drop Out Rate Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe amount students that were a part of my class. I clearly remember the number being 729.All of a sudden by my sophomore and junior year the number decreased more and more. Before I knew it, I was sitting at graduation practice where my principle announced how many students would be graduating. The number was around 520 and I was extremely shocked. Questions seemed to roam around my head like why d id we go from 729 student’s on the first day to 520 actually graduating from high school that year?Read MoreSpeech On Let s Talk Success1731 Words   |  7 Pagesstatistics on the number of students who drop out from public K-12 education. Despite the plethora of accurate statistics on the number of students leaving school there are various reasons attributed to why less than $200,000 of federal money has been devoted to researching the causes. This leads to the question that many educators like myself have: how do we stop students from dropping out? A report from U.S. today in 2012, found that nearly 87% of high school dropouts listed the second main reasonRead MoreSocial Support For Adolescents At Risk Of School Failure943 Words   |  4 PagesAdolescents at Risk of School Failure. Social Work, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 309-323. Oxford University Press. Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org.memex.lehman.cuny.edu:2048/stable/23718683 The author of this article emphazises the importance of encouraging students who are at risk of dropping out from school and the significance that makes social support on desirable school outcomes. In it also discussed the distinction between the support and interaction of the school and student and it concludedRead More Raising the Dropout Age Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesChildren are told from a young age that it is mandatory for them to graduate from high school, but it’s not until they are on the verge of dropping out that they hear the importance for staying in school. It is also when they hear how high school students who dropouts learn the incredible price to pay in the future when they give up on an education. Thinking with a teenage state of mind and trying to take the easy way out they go straight for a GED, which is told to be an equivalent earning of aRead MoreDropout From High School And The Consequences Of Their Actions Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are associated with students that dropout from high school and the consequences of their actions. We will look at the percentages of adults that have dropped out and what states have the highest amount. We will also look at how dropping out from high school affects the earning potential of adults that did not finish high school. We will also look what percentage is highest among who fail to finish high school among ethnic groups. In high schools across America the dropout rate has sky rocketedRead MoreSchool Drop Outs/Labeling Theory Social Learning Theory1499 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Dropouts Florida AM University Abstract Over the years dropout rates have decreased but still target African Americans and Hispanics mostly in our society today. Nowadays they are labeled to fail based on race, background, pregnancy, and/or peers. Since the 1970s, there has been a growing effort to improve high school graduation rates. In 1983, the National Commission on Excellence in Education sounded the alarm because U.S. educational standards had fallen behind otherRead MoreThe Dropout Crisis Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dropout Crisis In a rural area just outside of Chicago, 150 students marched at the graduation ceremony. That is a far cry from the 300 students that enrolled as freshman just four years ago. This is not an inner city school, but it is a reminder that there is a crisis in our nation. The high school dropout problem is everywhere. Speakers at graduation ceremonies talk about the aspirations and big dreams of the graduating class. No one ever mentions or notices the bleak futures of their peersRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Hispanic Students And Non-Hispanic896 Words   |  4 PagesHispanic students and non-Hispanic students is alarming due to the high dropout rates and the increasing Hispanic population in the United States. To better understand why Hispanic students dropout out of high school it is important to explore the perspectives and experiences of high school dropouts. Examining the root causes of whys Hispanic student’s drop out of high school can assist to improve dropout r etention early on. As a significant number of Hispanics continue to dropout of high school annuallyRead MoreEffects Of Dropout On The Latino Communities Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthat there is a vast majority of students who are dropping out of school. Dropout rates are a great concern to school districts and to the U.S. in general. If the population is increasing this means that our future generation needs to be well equipped to help us progress. There are several studies and research that discusses the different factors that contribute to dropout rates in the Latino communities. As we look over previous literature and studies about dropout rates in the Latino population weRead MoreHigh School Dropouts: Finishing School or Not? Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesdrops out of high school, there are many reasons behind their decision. Whether it is a matter of not having enough money to attend high school, or the person just does not have the desire to attend. Behind all these app rehensions, there are many people suffering since they abandoned high school. In Sanchez’s article, â€Å"A High School Dropout’s Midlife Hardships,† he reveals the hardships of a high school dropout. Kenny Buchanan, a 44-year old from Pennsylvania, withdrew from high school when he was

Oedipus the King A Tragic Hero Essay - 2117 Words

In most dramatic plays, tragedy usually strikes the protagonist of the play and leads him, or her, to experience devastating losses. While tragic instances can be avoided, there are other instances where one’s fate and future is out of the protagonist’s control. In Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles and first performed around 249 BC, Oedipus cannot escape his destiny and even though he tries to overcome and circumvent prophecy, he finds out that supernatural forces will get what they want in the end. Oedipus meets the criteria of a tragic hero set forth by Aristotle and his fate within the play demonstrates that one does not always have free will in their lives. Traditionally, in Greek drama, tragedy is meant to reaffirm the†¦show more content†¦(Aristotle) Moreover, â€Å"tragedy evolved from the choral lyric poem in honor of Dionysus, sung and danced around an altar of Dionysus in circular dancing place† (â€Å"Greek Tragic Drama†). In Oedipus the King, Oedipus can be considered to be the tragic hero of the play. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero holds that the tragic hero is â€Å"a person who is neither perfect in virtue or justice, nor one who will fall into misfortune through vice or depravity, but rather, on who succumbs through some miscalculation† (Brown). Aristotle also believed that the tragic hero’s misfortune or demise was not â€Å"wholly deserved† and that the punishment would exceed the crime that he or she committed (â€Å"Aristotle†). The tragic hero’s fall was also meant to serve as an allegory and intended to â€Å"raise awareness [or] gain self-knowledge† (â€Å"Aristotle†). In many cases, the tragic hero’s fall is due to a tragic flaw that serves as a catalyst for his or her demise. In other cases, supernatural forces help to cause the tragic hero to fall (â€Å"Tragedy: The Basics†). In the case of Oedipus, it is King Laius that initiates the conflict between himself and Oedipus who retaliates against the king and kills him in self-defense. When Oedipus is told the truth, he cannot understand what has happened, which is a direct result of being lied to about his biological parents. When Oedipus is finally able to piece together the fragmented facts thatShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero1541 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle (384-322 B.C.) defines a tragic hero as one who possesses the characteristics of hamartia, peripeteia, anagnorisis, and that the characters fate must be greater than deserved (Else). Since the main character in Sophocles’ classic tragedy Oedipus Rex or Oedipus the King matches up to Aristotle’s definition, Oedipus certainly exemplifies what it is to be a â€Å"tragic hero.† The play’s protagonist Oedipus is revered as a good man and intelligent ruler who acts quickly to support Thebes- a cityRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes the tragic hero as having three components which should be present in order to influence the audience. The audience must become involved emotionally with the hero so they become fearful for his welfare or well-being. The concluding suffering of the hero draws pity from the audience. Aristotle describes this emotional transition as â€Å"catharsis† which refers to the purging or releasing of emotions. This is what Aristotle believes entices audiences to watch tragedies. The hero must also beRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King987 Words   |  4 PagesWhile exemplifying the high estate, noble character, and flawed nature of Aristotle’s tragic hero, Oedipus fails to have a personal mistake become his undoing, hence denying him the status of Aristotleâ₠¬â„¢s tragic hero. A key criteria of Aristotle’s tragic hero is that he or she comes from high estate, such as a royal family. Aristotle’s definition of the tragic hero is well thought out in this manner. High status is important as it gives the character a long way to fall (Kennedy Gioia, 2013). ThisRead MoreTragic Hero In Oedipus The King1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of a tragic hero was first thought of by the philosopher Aristotle in his work, â€Å"Poetics†. In article discussing the philosopher’s ideology of a tragic hero, with emphasis on hamartia, the author states: The function of a tragedy is to arouse the emotions of pity and fear and Aristotle deduces the qualities of his hero from this function. He should be good, but not perfect, for the fall of a perfect man from happiness into misery, would be unfair and repellent and will not arouse pity. SimilarlyRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero987 Words   |  4 PagesLike most greek tragedies, Oedipus the King had a tragic hero whose downfall was the result of a tragic flaw. Oedipus, like other greek characters, did not see his errors until his reign was coming to an end. Oedipus, the man who saved Thebes did not understand that every good thing must come to an end. A tragic hero defined by Aristotle has five characteristics that lead to their downfall and their understanding of why the situation happened. Oedipus is the ideal tragic hero because his downfall followedRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1156 Words   |  5 Pages The topic I chose is the tragic hero topic. There exists a number of parameters that describe a tragic hero and thus it was my desire to get to understand these parameters. It was also my desire to be in position to give the difference between normal heroes and a tragic hero and give see the main dimensions of the two figures. I preferred to work with the book by Sophocles Oedipus, the king, in order to portray the attributes of a tragic hero. The book contains adequate information concerning theRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus And King1060 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, Oedipus and Dido lost much more than that. These were two great leaders that both, suffered by losing their reputations, their sanity, and their kingdoms. These are two great examples of what a tragic character displays, according to Aristotle’s conception. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is a distinguished person occupying a high position, living in prosperous circumstances and falling into misfortune because of an error in judgment. King Oedipus and Queen Dido are tragic charactersRead MoreOedipus the King a Tragic Hero936 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 1302-6504 Mrs.Weatherford 21 November 2011 A Tragic Hero Indeed! In Sophocles tragedy Oedipus the King, King Oedipus swears to solve the murder of former King Laios in order to free the city from the plague. The plague taunts the city destroying crops and livestock and making the women unable to bear children. A seer, Teirsias tells Oedipus that he himself is Thebes’s pollution for killing his father and marrying his mother. Oedipus ignores his words and is blind to the truth until he discoversRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero870 Words   |  4 Pagestragedies and his most famous being performed there. While only seven of his plays have survived, many, like Oedipus the King, are still prevalent today. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsis. Oedipus the King is seen as a perfect tragedy. It features a hero with a tragic flaw, Oedipus, and highlights many common themes in Greek tragedy such as fate or destiny, love, pride, loss, the abuseRead MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of a tragic hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompassed a tragic hero

September 11 in International Relations Theory Essay Example For Students

September 11 in International Relations Theory Essay September 11 in International Relations Theory Essay An event as epochal as September 11 is bound to provoke theorists of international relations. Over the past year or so, there has been a race in academia to claim the first prize for the best theory to explain the events before and after September 11. The consensus is that the dominant discourse of realism has won, because it conceives of conflict and destruction as natural in an anarchical world (from Thomas Hobbes ;anarchical state of nature;). It also justifies Americas threatening military actions after the terror strikes as a natural form of behavior of strong states, which always bully the weak into compliance to serve the formers selfish interests. The more interesting contest is among the alternative theories to realism. It is a race for second prize, and the main competitors are feminism, globalism/neo-Marxism and pluralism. Feminism The fundamental premise of feminism is that international politics is a ;mans world and a gendered activity. Gender is a social construction based on ideas of autonomy, objectivity, sovereignty and virtu (Niccolo Machiavelli), of which only men and masculine states are allegedly capable. Writing after September 11, feminist novelist Arundhati Roy encapsulated this critique, saying, Women of the world stand between two extremes, both represented by androcentrism, Rambo culture and patriarchy Osama bin Laden and George Bush. Bin Laden reportedly has 42 wives and is a defender and instigator of Taliban-style hardline Islamic structural violence against women. Bush heads the most conservative American administration since Ronald Reagan, pursuing vested interests of the military-industrial complex and giant oil multinationals that extort women in the Third World (a line favored by Marxist feminism). Realist dogmas and metaphors of war of every man against every man and stag hunt (Jean Jacques Rousseau) have been pursued vigorously by the US government since September 11, accompanied by a culture of manliness and glorification of soldiers and ultra-patriotic themes in the media. Imperial brotherhoods (Robert Dean) among mujahideen and the Bush cabinet are waging destructive wars to quench their fanaticism and male egotism. Some feminists see the World Trade Center itself as a symbol of male capitalist egotism which ran into another kind of Arabic male chauvinism on September 11. Feminists also like to point out that the majority of women in the world, including Palestinians, mourned the deaths of innocents in the terror attacks, and called for a foreign policy of reconciliation instead of revenge. But state-centric military security orthodoxy dominates the discourse and active voicing of peace by women has been relegated to peripheral activity and condescendingly dismissed as human interest stuff (Ann Tickner). The outcome is that human security and common security, an all-encompassing concept including domestic non-violence, is sorely lacking as the US prepares for more wars. Feminist scholars have particularly lamented how the US has compromised with chauvinist male warlords in Afghanistan, who are only a shade better than the Taliban, and which is still claiming for propaganda value that American military action emancipated Afghan women. Feminist interventions since September 11 have labelled the event and its aftermath as an instance of patriarchal technology of destruction and domination. They urge a dire need to transform the realist paradigm and to include one half of the worlds population in deciding on foreign policy so that a more harmonious world and a ;just peace; can be arrived at. However, feminism has no unified tenor. Despite using phrases like ;sexual terrorism; (Dorothy Roberts) as a much bigger threat to human security than Islamic terrorism, feminists are a highly divided lot, with competing visions of ;radical feminism;, ;white Western feminism;, ;ecological feminism;, ;post-modern feminism;, et al. Feminist international relations deconstruct realist policies with gusto, but offer no alternative model for transforming practice of world affairs. .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 , .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .postImageUrl , .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 , .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78:hover , .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78:visited , .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78:active { border:0!important; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78:active , .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78 .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u59e0bc90eb53a83adf499263efd76e78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Philosophy - Plato Essay Can a superpower be realistically expected to simply ;forgive; and ;heal; terrorists who killed nearly 3,000 people in one single day? Feminists seem to be putting forth a chimerical ideal. Globalism/Neo-Marxism Globalism/Neo-Marxism is a structural theory that rates economics, not security, as the driving force of international relations. Under-development of Third World states leads to ;dependency; on rich industrialized states, which exploit the peripheral states through an integrated capitalist system. Saudi Arabia, which produced .

Problem Solution free essay sample

Air pollution  is the introduction of  chemicals,  particulate matter, or  biological materials  that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the  natural environment  or  built environment, into the  atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet  Earth. Stratospheric  ozone depletion  due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earths  ecosystems. A substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment is known as an air pollutant. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made. [2] Pollutants can be classified as primary or secondary.  Usually, primary pollutants are directly emitted from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the  carbon monoxide  gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is  ground level ozone  Ã¢â‚¬â€ one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: that is, they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants. About 4 percent of deaths in the United States can be attributed to air pollution, according to the Environmental Science Engineering Program at the Harvard School of Public Health. [citation needed] MAJOR PRIMARY POLLUTANTS PRODUCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY INCLUDE: * Sulfur oxides  (SOx) especially sulphur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2  is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulphur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. 2] This is one of the causes for concern over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power sources. * Nitrogen oxides  (NOx) especially  nitrogen dioxide  are emitted from high temperature combustion. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or  plume  downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO2 . It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2  is one of the most prominent air pollutants. * Carbon monoxide   is a colourless, odorless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by  incomplete combustion  of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide. * Carbon dioxide  (CO2) a colourless, odorless, non-toxic  greenhouse gas  associated with  ocean acidification, emitted from sources such as combustion, cement production, and  respiration * Volatile organic compounds   VOCs are an important outdoor air pollutant. In this field they are often divided into the separate categories of methane (CH4) and non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced global warming. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane in the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality. Within the NMVOCs, the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia through prolonged exposure. 1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound which is often associated with industrial uses. * Particulate matter   Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM) or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be man made or natural. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of aerosols. Averaged over the globe, anthropogenic aerosols—those made by human activities—currently account for about 10 percent of the total amount of aerosols in our atmosphere. Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease,[3]altered lung function and lung cancer. * Persistent free radicals  connected to airborne fine particles could cause cardiopulmonary disease. [4][5] * Toxic  metals, such as  lead,  cadmium  and  copper. * Chlorofluorocarbons  (CFCs) harmful to the  ozone layer  emitted from products currently banned from use. * Ammonia  (NH3) emitted from agricultural processes. Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. * Odors  Ã¢â‚¬â€ such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes * Radioactive pollutants   produced by  nuclear explosions, war  explosives, and natural processes such as the  radioactive decay  of  radon. SECONDARY POLLUTANTS INCLUDE: Particulate matter formed from gaseous primary pollutants and compounds in photochemical smog. Smog is a kind of air pollution; the word smog is a portmanteau of smoke and fog. Classic smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usually come from coal but from vehicular and industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by  ultrav iolet  light from the sun to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. * Ground level ozone  (O3) formed from NOx  and VOCs. Ozone (O3) is a key constituent of the troposphere. It is also an important constituent of certain regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer. Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities (largely the combustion of fossil fuel), it is a pollutant, and a constituent of smog. * Peroxyacetyl nitrate  (PAN) similarly formed from NOx  and VOCs. Minor air pollutants include: * A large number of minor  hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the  Clean Air Act  and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive. * A variety of  persistent organic pollutants, which can attach to particulate matter. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment.

The Ancient City of Rome Has Many Nicknames

The Ancient City of Rome Has Many Nicknames Italys capital city of Rome is known by many names- and not just translations into other languages. Rome has recorded history going back more than two millennia, and legends go back even further, to about 753 BCE, when the Romans traditionally date the founding of their city. Etymology of Rome The city is called Roma in Latin, which has an uncertain origin. Some scholars believe the word refers to the citys founder and first king, Romulus, and roughly translates to oar or swift.  There are also additional theories that Rome derives from the Umbrian language, where the word might mean flowing waters.  Ancestors of the Umbri were likely in Etruria prior to the Etruscans.   Centuries of Names for Rome Rome is often called the Eternal City, a reference to its longevity and used first by the Roman poet Tibullus (c. 54–19 BCE) (ii.5.23) and a bit later, by Ovid (8 CE). Rome is the Caput Mundi (Capital of the world), or so said the Roman poet Marco Anneo Lucano in 61 CE. The Roman emperor Septimius Severus (145–211 CE) first called Rome the Urbs Sacra (the Sacred City)- he was speaking of Rome as the sacred city of the Roman religion, not that of the Christian religion, which it would become later. The Romans were shocked when the city fell to a sack by the Goths in 410 CE, and many said that the reason the city had fallen was that they had forsaken the old Roman religion for Christianity. In response, St. Augustine wrote his City of God in which he censured the Goths for their attack. The perfect society could be a City of God, said Augustine, or an Earthly City, depending on whether Rome could embrace Christianity and be cleaned of its moral turpitude. Rome is the City of Seven Hills: Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine, Quirinal, and Vimina. The Italian painter Giotto di Bondone (1267–1377) perhaps said it best when he described Rome as the city of echoes, the city of illusions, and the city of yearning. A Handful of Quotes â€Å"I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.† Augustus (Roman Emperor 27 BCE–14 CE)†How is it possible to say an unkind or irreverential word of Rome? The city of all time, and of all the world!† Nathaniel Hawthorne (American novelist. 1804–1864)â€Å"Everyone soon or late comes round by Rome.† Robert Browning (English Poet 1812–1889)Irish playwright Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) called Rome the Scarlet Woman, and the the one city of the soul.â€Å"Italy has changed. But Rome is Rome.† Robert De Niro (American actor, born 1943) The Secret Name of Rome Several writers from antiquity- including the historians Pliny and Plutarch- reported that Rome had a sacred name that was secret and that revealing that name would allow the enemies of Rome to ruin the city. The secret name of Rome, the ancients said, was kept by the cult of the goddess Angerona or Angeronia, who was, depending on which source you read, the goddess of silence, of anguish and fear, or of the new year. There was said to be a statue of her at Volupia which showed her with her mouth bound and sealed up. The name was so secret, that no one was allowed to say it, not even in rituals for Angerona. According to reports, one man, the poet and grammarian Quintus Valerius Soranus (~145 BCE–82 BCE), revealed the name. He was seized by the Senate and either crucified on the spot or fled in fear of punishment to Sicily, where he was captured by the governor and executed there.  Modern historians are not so sure any of that is true: although Valerius was executed, it may have been for political reasons. Plenty of names have been suggested for the secret name of Rome: Hirpa, Evouia, Valentia, Amor are just a few. A secret name has the power of a talisman, even if it didnt actually exist, powerful enough to make it into the anecdotes of antiquarians. If Rome has a secret name, there is knowledge of the ancient world that is unknowable. Popular Phrases All roads lead to Rome.  This idiom means that there are many different methods or ways to reach the same goal or conclusion, and likely refers to the extensive Roman Empires road system throughout its hinterlands.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.  Adapt to your decisions and actions to that of the present circumstances.Rome wasnt built in a day.  Great projects take time.Do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope. It is best not to criticize or oppose someone in his or her own territory. Sources Cairns, Francis. Roma and Her Tutelary Deity: Names and Ancient Evidence. Ancient Historiography and Its Contexts: Studies in Honour of A. J. Woodman. Eds. Kraus, Christina S., John Marincola and Christoper Pelling. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. 245–66.Moore, F. G. On Urbs Aeterna and Urbs Sacra. Transactions of the American Philological Association (1869-1896) 25 (1894): 34–60.Murphy, Trevor. Privileged Knowledge: Valerius Soranus and the Secret Name of Rome. Rituals in Ink. A Conference on Religion and Literary Production in Ancient Rome. Eds. Barchiesi, Alessandro, Jà ¶rg Rà ¼pke and Susan Stephens: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004.Rome. Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online, Oxford University Press, June 2019Van Nuffelen, Peter. Varros Divine Antiquities: Roman Religion as an Image of Truth. Classical Philology 105.2 (2010): 162–88.

Demographic Transition Model

Demographic Transition Model The demographic transition model seeks to explain the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. In developed countries, this transition began in the eighteenth century and continues today. Less developed countries began the transition later and are still in the midst of earlier stages of the model. CBR CDR The model is based on the change in crude  birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) over time. Each is expressed per thousand population. The CBR is determined by taking the number of births in one year in a country, dividing it by the countrys population, and multiplying the number by 1000. In 1998, the CBR in the United States is 14 per 1000 (14 births per 1000 people) while in Kenya it is 32 per 1000. The crude death rate is similarly determined. The number of deaths in one year is divided by the population and that figure is multiplied by 1000. This yields a CDR of 9 in the U.S. and 14 in Kenya. Stage I Prior to the Industrial Revolution, countries in Western Europe had high CBR and CDR. Births were high because more children meant more workers on the farm and with the high death rate, families needed more children to ensure the  survival of the family. Death rates were high due to disease and a lack of hygiene. The high CBR and CDR were somewhat stable and meant the  slow growth of a population. Occasional epidemics would dramatically increase the CDR for a few years (represented by the waves in Stage I of the model. Stage II In the mid-18th century, the death rate in Western European countries dropped due to improvement in sanitation and medicine. Out of tradition and practice, the birth rate remained high. This dropping death rate but the  stable birth rate at the beginning of Stage II contributed to skyrocketing population growth rates. Over time, children became an added expense and were less able to contribute to the wealth of a family. For this reason, along with advances in birth control, the CBR was reduced through the 20th century in developed countries. Populations still grew rapidly but this growth began to slow down. Many less developed countries are currently in Stage II of the model. For example, Kenyas high CBR of 32 per 1000 but low CDR of 14 per 1000 contribute to a high rate of growth (as in mid-Stage II). Stage III In the late 20th century, the CBR and CDR in developed countries both leveled off at a low rate. In some cases, the CBR is slightly higher than the CDR (as in the U.S. 14 versus 9) while in other countries the CBR is less than the CDR (as in Germany, 9 versus 11). (You can obtain current CBR and CDR data for all countries through the Census Bureaus International Data Base). Immigration from less developed countries now accounts for much of the population growth in developed countries that are in Stage III of the transition. Countries like China, South Korea, Singapore, and Cuba are rapidly approaching Stage III. The Model As with all models, the demographic transition model has its problems. The model does not provide guidelines as to how long it takes a country to get from Stage I to III. Western European countries took centuries through some rapidly developing countries like the Economic Tigers are transforming in mere decades. The model also does not predict that all countries will reach Stage III and have stable low birth and death rates. There are factors such as religion that keep some countries birth rate from dropping. Though this version of the demographic transition is composed of three stages, youll find similar models in texts as well as ones that include four or even five stages. The shape of the graph is consistent but the divisions in time are the only modification. An understanding of this model, in any of its forms, will help you to better understand population policies and changes in developed and less developed countries around the world.

Development of a Dispatch System for Fire Brigade Essay

Development of a Dispatch System for Fire Brigade - Essay Example Moving on, the application design should have the same data formatting as the platform on which it runs. Issues specific to fire fighting dispatch systems A global dispatch software solution for fire brigade needs to consider several aspects. For instance, it needs to incorporate mobile computing, which will enable actual fire brigadiers to access the same incident information as is available to operators. Additionally, mobile computing should allow for automatically updating incident activity logs and status reports through a secure source. It is critical to reduce response time rates to the minimum in life-death situations such as fire hazards (Walz, Krumperman and Zigmon 245). Moreover, an element of interoperability should be introduced in the global version of dispatch system. It is integral for a global dispatch software solution to offer data-sharing capabilities amongst multiple agencies across widespread jurisdictions. The introduction of interoperability will be beneficial in a variety of ways. For instance, it will help in improving situational knowledge, incident planning, and greatly reduce response time rate (Brennan and Krohmer 80). This will also improve the extensive interface facilities in the overall despatch software. Lastly, the global fire brigade despatch system should contain reporting and analytical capabilities. This will allow public safety organizations all over the globe to more effectively manage the plethora of valuable information generated daily. This aspect should be specifically tailored in consideration of the requirements of local fire brigades in order to aid in more effective decision-making. Changes in the software development process of the company For developing successful international software, aspects that... This essay stresses that system information will be crucial in the success of a globalized dispatch fire brigade system. This is because system information contained in processes make up an application, system information files, or system servers. The sharing factor will allow fire brigades globally to fulfill their reporting and analytical responsibilities. Moreover, the operating system of this internationalized dispatch software should support universal coordinated time. Graphical terms and symbols used for denoting particular system components need to be localized to aid understanding. The internationalized software should also disallow inputting prohibited or problematic characters in naming files or directories. data exchange should be modified to facilitate the transfer of information across globe as quickly as possible. This will aid in identifying the nearest fire brigade to the accident scene and simultaneously equip those fire fighters with the same information as the loca l operator. This paper makes a conclusion that the development of internationalized software for fire brigades will enable response teams to identify easily the geographical locations of the accidents, nearest response vehicles by providing first responders with the same incident information as dispatchers. Thus, this software will not only escalate the performance of response teams, but also more importantly, save more lives and properties all around the globe.